© 2021 Galloway Wild Foods. The texture can be a … bruised, and it smells of iodine or ink rather than of aniseed. The Horse Mushroom is a good edible species and can be used in any recipe calling for large (Portobello) cultivated mushrooms. Don’t know what they were but only the desperate would have dared eat them. They occurs throughout most of Europe, North Africa, Asia (including India, China and Japan), and in the USA, Canada and Australia. Rio Frio, … and expands until it is flat or nearly so. Amanita muscaria. To my delight I appear to have a large ring of mushrooms growing in my garden! A horse mushroom in its prime is a thing of great beauty and superb flavour. Another point worth making is I remember a long time ago I picked what I thought Møller. Taste not distinctive. The thick flesh is white and It has been found several times in and around piles of bedding taken from horse stables and infrequently elsewhere. Facebook. – Field mushrooms – (a. campestris) – a dewy young field mushroom is a very lovely, fragrant thing, though lacking the heady aromatics of some of its kin. All Rights Reserved. Smell – Field mushrooms smell nice, with a mushroomy scent we are all familiar with. Agaricus arvensis, the Horse Mushroom, first appears The Poisonous Cortinarius australiensis can look quite like an edible horse mushroom. Gillet, and Agaricus fissuratus F.H. The key identifiers of a horse mushroom: 1. How to Identify Mushrooms. So I was wondering..will the same mushrooms come up again the same time as last year in the same area? – The Prince – (a. augustus) – This should rightfully be declared King of the Agarics as it is the tastiest of the lot, with sweet almond nuances floating above the aniseed and mushroom aromas. (exceptionally to more than 30cm) diameter. Agaricus macrosporus) is very similar in appearance but does not turn bright chrome yellow when cut or bruised. below. Yellow stainer (agaricus xanthodermus) showing chrome-yellow staining when bruised at base, The idea of people stravaiging about the countryside grabbing any fungi that reminds them of what they see in the shops becomes rather more worrying when you consider that death caps can lurk in the same hedgerows and field edges as horse mushrooms. How to identify the field mushroom, Agaricus campestris.Find out more about this edible mushroom here; https://www.wildfooduk.com/mushroom-guide/field-mushroom/ Know them by the overhanging skin of the cap, narrowing stipes, simple fragile rings, and faintly blushing flesh. Gills start out pink but turn a dark, chocolatey brown color. It was well written and the photos make it clear. Quite a simple test for the mushroom world really, yet hundreds of people still get sore tummies every year from eating the really quite helpfully named yellow stainer. Also The Prince (agaricus augustus), Macro-Mushroom (agaricus urinescans)  and Field Mushroom (agaricus campestris). Horse mushroom identification (mature) The pink gilled caps of young horse mushrooms have a sweetly fragrant aniseed aroma that I rate nearly as highly as prime ceps, and certainly in my top table of gourmet wild mushrooms. Widespread and common in Britain and Ireland, Field Mushrooms have a truly world-wide distribution. Agaricus arvensis, commonly known as the horse mushroom, is a sometimes massive agaric that has a white cap, ringed stem, and pink or chocolate colored gills. Cap up to 25cm, cream with brown scales, club shaped stipe with brown tipped shaggy fibres when young, gills white then brown then chocolate. This is truly a gastronomes mushroom and it is, paradoxically, only its physical similarity to cultivated mushroom that keeps it out of top kitchens. Up to 10cm tall, the parallel stem usually Cap white or cream colored, may have fine scales, first hemispherical in shape before flattening out with maturity. Yellow Stainers have sweet, medical kind of smell to them, like mothballs. All fungi species shown on this web page belong to the major division (phylum) Basidiomycota in the fungi kingdom Eumycota. If you have found this information helpful, we are sure you would also find our book Fascinated by Fungi by Pat O'Reilly very useful. That should also show some chrome yellow bruising in the yellow stainer, but my preferred method is to scrape the edge of the stem base with a knife, as in the photo above. I can get a photo or two if you like. Edited by Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. ISBN 9788798396130, Dictionary of the Fungi; Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter and J. However, in Australia foragers should take care not to confuse it with the large and poisonous Cortinarius australiensis. Common Ink Cap 24. The 2- to 6-inch tall mushroom grows year round on horse manure. gills are crowded, free from the stem, progressing from pink-tinged white to dark brown/black in age. When you’re finished with your mushroom hunt, gather together and unwrap the mushrooms that you’ve found. The stem-base colour change resolves the former, and checking that the gills are pink or brown rather than white averts the latter potentially-fatal error. Horse mushrooms, botanically classified as Agaricus arvensis, are wild edible mushrooms that belong to the Agaricaceae family. Looks like horse mushrooms, except for the light gills... gills should be dark brown in Agaricus arvensis... were growing in a lawn area, in sort of a half circle shape... one book says if a specimen has white folks, throw out immediately.. Hopefully pictures will … Young caps, simply sliced, seasoned, dressed with a light oil and lemon juice and served with wood sorrel, sweet cicely (which echoes the aniseed aromas – see recipe here) and a few shavings of parmesan, is one of the finest mushrooms dishes you can eat. Also known as the Almond mushroom in Australia and the Snowball mushroom in New Zealand, Horse mushrooms are found growing alone or in rings in fields, pastures, or grassy areas in nutrient-rich soil. But a careful beginner with a couple mushroom field guides can begin to identify mushrooms. They are also known as aniseed mushrooms or horse mushrooms among Europeans, Americans and Asian people. The Horse Mushroom is often found in grassland that has plenty of decaying organic matter. Identify Peziza vesiculosa, also called Blistered Cup, by its cup-shaped and yellow, gray to beige cap that grow from 1 to 3½ inches wide. This mushroom is a great substitute for the portabella in cooking and I hope to find one to eat. (The latter is treated by some authorities as a separate species; it has a cap that crazes when old and its spores are on average somewhat smaller than is typical of Agaricus arvensis.). Identifying the Horse Mushroom, Agaricus arvensis - YouTube Agaricus arvensis, commonly known as the horse mushroom, is a mushroom of the genus Agaricus. Thanks for your response. After I cleaned out the branches last year I was rewarded with well over 100+ mushrooms. The cap of Agaricus arvensis matures at  8 to 20cm Upon cooking them however I found them to be watery and really smelt revolting! The Horse Mushroom at the closed-cup stage seen above and the specimen seen at the top of this page were photographed by Dave Kelly, with whose kind permission these picture are shown. The less obvious things are that there is a yellow tinge to the base where I’ve picked it but it doesn’t bruise yellow at all. What is the mushroom that looks like a field/horse mushey but when yu cut in halves it slowly turned red ? flesh is firm and white to cream. Horse Mushroom Cap . The texture can be a wonderfully rare combination of light, crisp and succulent. Field mushrooms (and other mushrooms to a lesser extent) appear to enjoy a ‘bumper year’ at 7 year intervals – though this may coincide with ideal growing conditions. Marasmius oreades. I researched them as I could and decided by the wonderful earthy pleasant smell and no staining, they must of been horse mushrooms. becoming brown, the gills of the Horse Mushroom are free and crowded. Growth: The Horse Mushroom is a saprobic mushroom living on dead and decaying organic matter under the sward. It’s best to have an experienced collector on hand to help you identify them. Thanks! A. Stalpers; CABI, 2008. and other places where there is plenty of decaying organic matter, upon which it feeds saprophytically. common puffball 20. So they are worth seeking out. Synonyns of Agaricus arvensis include Agaricus arvensis Schaeff., Psalliota arvensis (Schaeff.) Please read and share this on sustainable mushroom picking. I have touched before upon the dangers of making assumptions about mushrooms based on their general appearance rather than precise mycological characteristics (see “Mushrooms v Toadstools”) and nothing illustrates the point better than horse mushrooms and yellow stainers. Horse mushroom (Agaricus arvensis) belongs to the family Agaricus and has a wonderful flavour. Golden Chanterelle 23. Yellow Stainer, (Agaricus Xanthoderma) this mushroom stains quickly bright yellow when touched, cut or bruised, the horse mushroom stains slightly yellow and its a slow reaction, it also smells very unpleasantly of iodine where as the horse mushroom smells of aniseed. Ran across your site while looking for ways to preserve the harvest from my friend’s patch. It also has the curious dual distinction of  being commonly misidentified and widely underrated. I have on the side of my house, where I use to have a large pile of laurel branches. Coprinopsis atramentaria. While there is some doubt how much of these are actually absorbed through the gut wall, it isn’t a good idea eat too many picked from busy roadsides, but I am comfortable with a handful a year from our quiet Galloway lanes. Oyster Mushrooms: How to Identify in the Wild. Roadside verges and permanent pasture are places where you will see this large, edible fungus - although if gathering mushrooms to eat it is not a good idea to include roadside specimens. cap is up to 20 cm broad, smooth, dry, white to cream. Horse mushrooms do not absorb water into the flesh easily. Sometimes the stem base, and rarely the cap, bruises bluish or bluish green. Yes, often they do. I’m off to pick some of what I am now confidently calling Horse mushrooms. Agaricus urinascens var. The rule is quite simple: If the base of the stipe turns chrome yellow when bruised, don’t eat it. Older specimens will have lost some pizzazz, but make up for that in size and meatiness (just like humans really). Stem . Thanks for your time. If you have a nice, clear picture of a mushroom that you need help identifying then click HERE and send it along with any comments regarding where you picked it and what it might have been growing on. Australian Fungi Identification Pictures. I went ahead and used about 1/2 of them in many dishes…sauted, cooked in soups etc…i even had so many I dried some with my dehydrator! Less obviously, the common name may not be the more obvious to horses and its apparent appetite for horse manure (and hence the common occurrence of this mushroom near stables or fields in which horses graze) but, some people have suggested, an allusion to the large size that these mushrooms can attain. I can’t really add much to the detailed information on ID already on this page. They look exactly similar to both a field mushroom and (you guessed it) a yellow stainer. Fairly frequent in Britain and Ireland as well as in most countries of mainland Europe and parts of Asia and North America, the Horse Mushroom has also been reported from Australia (where it is sometimes referred to as the Almond Mushroom) as well as New Zealand. How often do you see horse mushrooms on a menu compared to chanterelles, ceps or even vile “pretend” wild mushrooms like enoki? I really do appreciate the way you’ve cleared up the yellow staining. My book, Mushrooms of the Northeast, lists three look-alikes for Fomes fomentarius, both of which are also medicinal mushrooms. Stout with a … If you know what a mushroom looks like, but not know it's ID, you can use this list to identify it. More on this here: Your email address will not be published. (The rather similar Yellow Stainer has an unpleasant phenolic or inky odour - a useful way of distinguishing between the edible Horse Mushroom, which also bruises slightly yellow, and that toxic toadstool Agaricus xanthodermus.). 2. The most important thing is to make absolutely sure that what you have found really is a Horse Mushroom and not a toxic toadstool such as a Yellow Stainer (Agaricus xanthodermus) or, heaven forbid, a Destroying Angel (Amanita virosa). cap is convex when young, then flattens in maturity. Oh what a lovely treat all through the winter and the next spring. Fortunately, the superior and more substantial horse mushroom is a little more versatile in its choice of habitats: I find most of mine in wood edges and hedgerows, often growing in “family groups” and rings that can make for a good harvest of young and mature caps, and still leave plenty behind to perpetuate the colony. Agaricus arvensis appears in manured meadows and beside bridle paths The cautious old mushroom gatherer's maxim is so important: 'Never munch on a hunch'. They are just one of many excellent wild mushrooms (waxcaps, field mushrooms, parasols etc) that thrived among the convivial husbandry of yore but are dwindling amid the industial-chemical agro-business of today. When very young the gills are almost white but quickly turn from pink/grey to brown in more mature specimens. Flesh is white, firm and thick. urinascens (syn. aniseed. But it depends on the species, and in particular its nutritional strategy. Terms of use - Privacy policy - Disable cookies - External links policy, Checklist of the British & Irish Basidiomycota. on the underside. Try the blushing wood mushroom, agarics silvaticus, Thank you for sharing and spreading awareness! A fine wild winter find… . That said, it's best to leave searching for wild, edible mushrooms to professional mycologists (scientists who study fungi). I like to eat them raw in elf cups with wild leek shoots – really excellent. Is is also sometimes found close to trees that are dropping a lot of leaf litter Description - what does it look like? Naturally my first plan was to rush out with the frying pan and fill it to the brim but the little voices stopped me and now I’m browsing your website and also a couple of fine books on mushrooms. Examine your collections one at a time. a small bulb at its base and a robust, double ring with a cog-wheel form Mushroom identification help. However, every family has its bothersome relative and this is no exception. flesh is firm and white to cream. Look for a gray to beige-colored mushroom growing on horse manure in the autumn. ; it grows in open grassland and in woodland clearings. White, sometimes discoloured grey/brown, can be scaly or smooth. It smells nice, like a mushroom and not like ink but it has a large, tatty veil with slight scaling. Distribution: Found only in the high mountains of Central Mexico. You may struggle a bit when you first start going into the woods to identify mushrooms, but just like how you start seeing Ford Focus cars everywhere once you buy one, edible mushrooms will almost jump out at you after you harvest a couple of times. Taxonomic history and synonym information on these pages is drawn from many sources but in particular from the British Mycological Society's GB Checklist of Fungi and (for basidiomycetes) on Kew's Checklist of the British & Irish Basidiomycota. Hi Steve, Agaricus arvensis. Um, you say vile enoki mushrooms, whilst not a fan of the cultivated variety (or oysters etc), you do realise that enokitake are Flammulina velutipes, the Velvet Shank (or Foot)? Phylum: Basidiomycota - Class: Agaricomycetes - Order: Agaricales - Family: Agaricaceae, Distribution - Taxonomic History - Etymology - Toxicity - Identification - Culinary Notes - Reference Sources. Well on the first rain..i am seeing some coming back. Then order this – it will blow your mind!! The specific epithet arvensis means 'of the field' or 'of meadows' - a reference to the habitat in which the Horse Mushroom is most commonly found. Calling the mushroom described and illustrated here Agaricus fissuratus "will represent an adjustment for North American mycologists," Kerrigan says. Learn more about the life cycle of fungi here: https://gallowaywildfoods.com/an-introduction-to-fungi-foraging/. Can you tell me if the same type of mushroom will come back in the same spot every year? Preferring horse manure and straw composts, this mushroom usually develops a darker-colored band along the cap margin when partially dry. Website by: Your email address will not be published. Lycoperdon perlatum. Um, yes thanks Ben, I do know that – as I describe in the linked article and in this article on velvet shank – http://www.gallowaywildfoods.com/?page_id=883. cap is up to 20 cm broad, smooth, dry, white to cream. The Horse Mushroom, Agaricus arvensis is a large field-type mushroom that is considered good eating although it can be a little tough. This page includes pictures kindly contributed by David Kelly. Hopefully you can give me a pointer or two to help me identify these. Twitter. Tinder Polypore Look-Alikes. Careful Identification. Incidentally, the ability of fungi to absorb both ground and airborne toxins is a hot field of research at the moment: check this out and this fantastic insight by fungi-guru Paul Stamets. August to November, typically a week or two later than the Field Mushroom, Agaricus campestris, with which the Horse Mushroom is sometimes confused. Agaricus campestris, the Meadow Mushroom, is one of my absolute favorite fungi.One of the closest relatives to Agaricus bisporus (the common Button Mushroom, found in grocery stores all over the world), it is the brother who seems to have inherited twice the flavor. Hi Rose, It is likely, but not certain, that they are the same species as in previous years as the mycelium from which they grow will persist so long as there are food resources. And if you aren’t sure…NEVER MUNCH ON A HUNCH! It is great in rissotto dishes and omelettes, and it certainly has enough flavour to make tasty soups or sauces to be served with meat dishes. Or witchcraft. cap is convex when young, then flattens in maturity. The cap turns yellowish where bruised, and old caps often take on a yellow-brown tinge. Gills . It is also enigmatic in when and where it chooses to appear – beneath conifers seem to be its preferred throne. Mushroom Matrix is the leading producer of the highest quality certified 100% organic functional mushroom powders that support immune health, sports performance and recovery for horses… After heavy rains, we always pull in pounds of campestris and preserve them with our food dehydrator. Help Mushroom Identification / Identify This page is set-up to help the mushroom community identify mushrooms for each other. White but yellowing gradually with age, smooth or finely scaly, the cap is initially spherical But I was wondering…would they be the same ones? On the other hand horse mushrooms tend to be overlooked by wild mushroom aficionados in favour of their weird and wonderful woodland cousins. Required fields are marked *. I often make slurries by placing mushroom caps in water to soak out the spores for distribution outdoors. At first pale pink, darkening and then Meadow mushrooms readily sponge water up and will eventually sink. ): If, like me, you find many of your horse mushrooms on roadside verges, you should be aware of their capacity to absorb and concentrate heavy metals – notably cadmium and copper. Horse mushrooms are closely related to the familiar white mushrooms sold in shops, and also to other well-known edible species such as field mushrooms and wood mushrooms. xanthodermus, quickly turns bright chrome yellow when cut or Cantharellus cibarius. Sparassis radicata. Pat O'Reilly (2016) Fascinated by Fungi; First Nature, The genus Agaricus in Britain, 3rd Edition, self-published, Geoffrey Kibby 2011, Funga Nordica: 2nd edition 2012. Some of the wild cousins are well worth keeping your eye out for: – Macro mushroom (a. urinascens) – very similar to horse mushrooms, though getting even larger (up to 30cm across cap compared to 25cm with horse mushrooms). Thank you so for your enlightening article. Sublime. Personally I think it looks like a yellow stainer other than no yellow stain or nasty smell. Fairly frequent in Britain and Ireland as well as in most countries of mainland Europe and parts of Asia and North America, the Horse Mushroom has also been reported from Australia (where it is sometimes referred to as the Almond Mushroom) as well as New Zealand. The small brown (pre-slime) caps are one of my very favourite mushrooms – like fungal sweeties. They earned their name due to a liking for generously (horse) manured fields. In New Zealand this species is commonly known as the Snowball Mushroom. Horse mushroom identification features (unopened caps). But they stain faintly yellow like a Californicus, which junks the whole “unless they … Any thoughts on this? However they smell just yummy and do not stain hideous yellow. Beware also of a toxic lookalike, the Yellow Stainer, which is also fond of roadside grassy habitats and can cause serious stomach upsets if included in a mushroom meal. Its diameter ranges from 2 to 3cm. Visiting Galloway for Galloway Wild Foods Events, Corona Virus and Galloway Wild Foods Events, http://www.gallowaywildfoods.com/?page_id=883, https://gallowaywildfoods.com/an-introduction-to-fungi-foraging/.
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