The Indian Wars and the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Related Current Events 1.Many believe that school, speci:ically, college is the “Great Equalizer” of today -­‐ hence, No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top and other recent educational mandates. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. A series of gold strikes and silver strikes in what became the states of Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota kept a steady flow of hopeful young prospectors pushing into the … Key Terms. Usually men did most of the mining. Mining camps soon thrived in the vicinity, which became bustling centers of fabulous wealth. 27 minutes ago. Think about the information you just read about on the previous slide: 1. Following prospectors and commercial miners, ranchers and farmers followed. This is the currently selected item. The South and West resented the impact of industrialization because they felt they . Your IP: 162.243.169.179 • ... IV. John Dewey. The California Gold Rush of 1848 began the mining boom. JoczProductions 229,300 views. 2. Mining in the West(1859-1890s) Boomtowns Main Idea Life of a Miner In 1859, gold and silver strikes drew people looking for money to the west. - Henry Comstock was a man whose name was used for the Comstock Lode which was a Nevada gold and silver mine discovered in 1859. This is a picture of a mining town. The technique of hydraulic mining… The American West . APUSH Period 4: Ultimate Guide to Period 4 APUSH - Duration: 24:15. How did the mining towns help develop and establish the economy of California? Once all the surface metals were gone because of the California Gold Rush, people tried to find a way to get it out of the ground leading to the development of mining machinery. Many towns had as high as a 9-to-1 male-to-female ratio. Cloudflare Ray ID: 6374de9bf8465d9d 2. Watch: AP US History - Conquest of the West. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. mining industry. • V. Irrigation and Transportation o A. The Conquest of the Far West 1850s to 1890s: Chapters 16 2. The West gave rise to legends that became part of American folk culture. by mussman_74692. Our AP study guides, practice tests, and notes are the best on the web because they're contributed by students and teachers like yourself. The site is located near the western border of Nevada, based around Virginia City. The Homestead Act and the exodusters. Mining the West Valuable mineral deposits continued to lure people to the West after the Civil War o The California miners of 1849—forty niners—set the typical pattern Sudden, disorderly rush of prospectors Lawlessness and vigilante rule Drama of the gold … 1. This is the currently selected item. Aboukhadijeh, Feross. APUSH Lecture Ch. Pioneer women also worked as teachers, boarding house landladies, laundresses, and seamstresses. Conquest of the Indians and coming of the railroad were god-sends for the mining frontier. Lawmen, thieves, and those who played both sides of the fence became material for writers Mark Twain, Bret Harte and others. Resources: Mining Frontier. Compare the development of mining ranching and farming in the West How did from APUSH 301 at Whitefish High School As many as 100,000 miners raced to the Rocky Mountains in Colorado after gold was discovered near Pikes Peak. Mining: From Dishpan to Ore Breaker. Beliefs: The myth of the Wild West is comes from the romanticization of ranching and gold-mining, two common occupations for those living in the great plains region or in California ear the coast. Individual placer miners took little skill or A nine-part series chronicling the turbulent history of one of the most extraordinary landscapes on earth. By the 1890s the mining The ethnic diversity was great. That's easy — it's the best way to study for AP classes and AP exams! 16 1. 2021. Copper, lead, tin, quartz, & zinc more profitable than gold or silver in the long term. After the discovery was made public in 1859, prospectors rushed to the area and scrambled to stake their claims. Played 0 times. Mining the West Valuable mineral deposits continued to lure people to the West after the Civil War o The California miners of 1849—forty niners—set the typical pattern Sudden, disorderly rush of prospectors Lawlessness and vigilante rule Drama of the gold … If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. How is the reality of the 49ers and Mining Towns different from the mythic image of the American West? Please enable Cookies and reload the page. StudyNotes offers fast, free study tools for AP students. 22. ... 11th grade. Nice work! Many hoped to strike it rich in gold and silver. Demand for prostitutes, mainly in mining areas, drew women from throughout the country and world to the West. Mining in the West (first of three frontiers) A. Mineral-rich areas of the West were the first to extensively settled. Beliefs: The myth of the Wild West is comes from the romanticization of ranching and gold-mining, two common occupations for those living in the great plains region or in California ear the coast. o G. Western Folk Heroes Mining towns of the west attracted colorful characters. Mining, particularly for gold and silver, is responsible for one of the largest transfers of population from the eastern to the western parts of what became the United States. Many hoped to strike it rich in gold and silver. The Dawes Act. The Homestead Act and the exodusters. The 1848 discovery of gold in California set off a frenzied Gold Rush to the state the next year as hopeful prospectors, called “forty-niners,” poured into the state. ​The End of the Trail. This became known as the Comstock Lode which was named after Henry Comstock. 0% average accuracy. Title: APUSH II: Unit 1 Chapter 18: Conquest and Survival of the West, 1860 - 1900 1 ... Mining Regions of the West Corporations had the expensive machinery (hydraulic mining techniques) to extract most of the gold in the West. Some key people and places during the time of mining in the West were Henry Comstock, boomtowns, and Mark Twain. Chinese immigrants and Mexican Americans in the age of westward expansion. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. Chapter 2: The Planting of English America, 1500-1733, Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700, Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century, 1607-1692, Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775, Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775, Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783, Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution, 1776-1790, Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800, Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism, 1812-1824, Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840, Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860, Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860, Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860, Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841-1848, Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854, Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861, Chapter 20: Girding for War - The North and the South, 1861-1865, Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War, 1861-1865, Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, Chapter 23: Paralysis of Politics in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896, Chapter 24: Industry Comes of Age, 1865-1900, Chapter 25: America Moves to the City, 1865-1900, Chapter 26: The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1896, Chapter 27: The Path of Empire, 1890-1899, Chapter 28: America on the World Stage, 1899-1909, Chapter 29: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt, 1901-1912, Chapter 30: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad, 1912-1916, Chapter 31: The War to End War, 1917-1918, Chapter 32: American Life in the “Roaring Twenties,” 1919-1929, Chapter 33: The Politics of Boom and Bust, 1920-1932, Chapter 34: The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1933-1939, Chapter 35: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933-1941, Chapter 36: America in World War II: 1941-1945, Chapter 37: The Cold War Begins, 1945-1952, Chapter 38: The Eisenhower Era, 1952-1960, Chapter 39: The Stormy Sixties, 1960-1968, Chapter 40: The Stalemated Seventies, 1968-1980, Chapter 41: The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980-2000, Native Americans numbered about 360,000 in 1860 scattered throughout trans-Missouri West, The Indians stood in the path of the advancing white pioneers (threatened bison population), The Cheyenne and Sioux on horses transformed themselves into nomadic traders and hunters, White intruders spread cholera, typhoid, and smallpox among the native peoples of the plains, The federal government tried to pacify the Plains Indians (competition for hunting grounds), Treaties signed at Fort Laramie and Fort Atkinson marked the reservation system in the West, They established boundaries for the territory for each of the tribes (“colonies of the north”), Native Americans actually lived in scattered bands recognizing no authority outside, The federal government intensified this policy and herded the Indians into still smaller confines, Indians surrendered their land only when they received promises that they would be left alone, In the 1860s fierce warfare between the Indians and U.S. Army raged in the West, The Indian wars in the West were often savage clashes (cruelty begot cruelty), Colonel Chivington’s militia massacred Indians at Sand Creek, Colorado in 1864, In 1866 a Sioux war party attempted to block construction of the Bozeman Trail, They ambushed Fetterman’s command and the Indians left not a single survivor, In the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and the “Great Sioux reservation” was guaranteed to the Sioux tribes, Custer found gold in South Dakota but the Plains Indians massacred his militia, Chief Joseph finally surrendered after leading his band of Nez Perce Indians for 1,700 miles, Fierce Apache tribes of AZ and NM were the most difficult to subdue, Led by Geronimo, they were pursued into Mexico by federal troops (finally captured), The relentless fire-and-sword policy of the whites shattered the spirit of the Indians, The Native Americans were ghettoized on reservations—they were then largely ignored, The taming of the Indians was by the railroad, white people’s diseases, and no more buffalo, The buffalo were the staff of life for Native Americans—for food, tools, clothing, etc, With the building of the railroad, the massacre of the herds began in deadly earnest, Creatures were slain for hides, choice cuts, or even for sheer amusement, By 1885, only about a thousand buffalo were alive in the West, By the 1880s the national conscience began to stir uneasily over the plight of the Indians, MA writer Helen Hunt Jackson inspired sympathy for Indians (, Humanitarians wanted to treat the Indians kindly and persuade them to take up white man’s life, Hard-liners insisted on the current policy of forced containment and brutal punishment, Neither side showed much respect for the Native American culture (Sun dance, Ghost Dance), The movement to reform Indian policy was the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, The act dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land and set up individual Indian family heads—full citizenship was granted to all Indians in 1924, In the 1890s the government expanded its network of Indian boarding schools and sent “field matrons” to the reservations to teach Native American women sewing and virtues, The Dawes Act struck directly at tribal organization; was the cornerstone of Indian policy, Under these federal policies, the Indian population started to mount slowly, Conquest of the Indians and coming of the railroad were god-sends for the mining frontier, The golden gravel of California continued to yield “pay dirt” and Colorado had its discovery, People poured into Nevada in 1859 after Comstock Lode had been uncovered—gold and silver, Boomtowns sprouted form the desert sands like magic and disappeared quickly, Once the loose surface gold was gobbled up, ore-breaking machinery was imported, The operation could be undertaken only by corporations (pooled wealth of stockholders), The age of big business came to the mining industry—attracted population and wealth, Women and men found opportunity and won a kind of equality on the frontier that earned them the vote in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and “Idaho before the beginning of the 20, The outpouring of silver and gold enabled the Treasury to hold up the credit, With transcontinental railroads, cattle could not be shipped to stockyards, under “beef barons”, Texas cowboys drove herds slowly over the plains until they reached markets (Long Drive), Overexpansion and overgrazing turned cowboy into plowboys, Breeders learned to fence their ranches, produce fewer animals, and organize, The Homestead Act of 1862 allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for five years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30, Many more families purchased their land from the railroads, land companies, or states, The Homestead Act was quite the hoax—much of the 160 acres was in rain-scarce Great Plains, The railways played a major role in developing the agricultural West (marketing of crops), Prairies were mostly treeless and the touch sod had been packed in (assumed to be sterile), But once the soil was broken up, the earth proved astonishingly fruitful, In the wake of droughts, the new technique of “dry farming” too root on the plains, The method consisted of frequent shallow cultivation supposedly adapted to the arid West, Tough strains of wheat, resistant to cold and drought, were imported from Russia, Federally financed irrigation projects caused the Great American Desert to bloom, The Great West experienced a fantastic growth in population from the 1870s to the 1890s, New Western states joined the Union; CO, ND, SD, MT, WA, ID, WY, UT (Republican votes), The federal government made available the fertile plains of Oklahoma Territory, Oklahoma boasted 60,000 inhabitants in one year and became the Sooner State in 1907, In 1890, the census announced that a frontier line was no longer discernible in America, The government set aside land for national parks: Yellowstone (1872) and Yosemite (1890), Americans had been notorious for their mobility; land was often the most profitable crop, Much has been said about the frontier as a “safety valve” (possibility of westward expansion), Western cities were the real safety valves (people found ways to seek their fortunes), In the trans-Mississippi West, the Native Americans made their last desperate struggled against colonization and there most Native Americans live today—Pacific to Asia, American farmers had previously raised their own lives and but high prices persuaded farmers to concentrate on growing single “cash” crops and use profits to buy supplies in the store, Farmers were intimately tied to banking, railroading, and manufacturing (twine binder, combine), Agricultural modernization drove many farmers off the land swelling ranks of industrial workers, The farm was attaining the status of a factory—an outdoor grain factory, Agriculture was a big business from its earliest days in California’s productive Central Valley, California fruit and vegetable sold at a handsome profit in the rich urban markets of the East with the advent of the railroad refrigerator car in the 1880s, For farmers, as long as prices stayed high, all went well, but prices skidded in the 1880s, Bankruptcy fell on lie blight and grain prices depended on the world market of grain, Low prices and a deflated currency were the chief worries of the farmers—North, South, West, The deflationary pinch on the debtor flowed partly from the static money supply, Ruinous rates of interest were charged on mortgages (eastern loan companies), Farm tenancy rather than farm ownership was spreading fast throughout the nation, Insects ravaged the crops, floods added to the waste of erosion, and expensive fertilizers needed, Their land was overassessed, and they paid painful local taxes (high protective tariffs), Farmers were at mercy of the harvester trust, all of which could control output and raise prices, The railroad octopus had grain growers in its grip—high freight rates, Farmers still made up nearly one-half of the population in 1890—not organized at all, They did manage to organize a monumental political uprising, Prices sagged in 1868, and a host of farmers unsuccessfully sought relief by demanding inflation, The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (Grange, 1867) led by Oliver H. Kelley, Kelley wanted to enhance lives of isolated farmers through social, education, fraternal activities, Kelley found that farmers were receptive to passwords, rituals, and hierarchy, Grangers raised their goals from self-improvement to improvement of farmer’s collective plight, Grangers also went into politics (regulate railroads through state legislation), Granger Laws—public control of private business for general welfare (bitterly attacked), Farmer’s grievances found a vent in the Greenback Labor Party (1878, also elected Weaver), Manifestation of rural discontent came through the Farmers’ Alliance founded in TX, 1870s, The farmers wanted to break the grip of the railroads and manufacturers through cooperative, The Alliance weakened by ignoring the plight of landless tenant farmers, sharecroppers, In the 1880s a Colored Farmers’ National Alliance emerged to attract black farmers, Out of the Farmers’ Alliances a new political party—the People’s Party AKA Populists, They called for nationalizing of railroads, instituting an increasing income tax, creating a new federal “subtreaty” for the farmers, and free and unlimited coinage of silver (inflation), The queen of the Populists was Mary E. Lease known as the “Kansas Pythoness”, In 1892, the Populists jolted the traditional parties be polling more than 1 million votes, The panic and depression of 1893 strengthened the Populists’ argument that farmers and laborers alike were being victimized by an oppressive economic and political system, Ragged armies of the unemployed began marching to protest their plight, Jacob Coxey set out for Washington in 1894 to demand government relieve unemployment, General Coxey and his lieutenants were arrested for walking on the grass, The Pullman strike of 1894 in Chicago was headed by Eugene Debs (American Railway Union), Workers finally struck the Pullman Palace Car Company (lower wages, same rent), The American Federation of Labor declined to support the Pullman strikers (“respectability”), U.S. Attorney General Richard Olney called for dispatch of federal troops and his legal grounds were that the strikers were interfering with the transit of the U.S. mail, Federal troops crushed the Pullman strike and Debs was sentenced to prison for 6 months, This was the first time that such a legal weapon had been used by Washington to break a strike, Monetary policy loomed as the issue on which the election of 1896 would turn, William McKinley of Ohio (R) supported by Marcus Hanna (believed gov’t should aid business), Republicans had the money of Hannah and leaned toward hard-money policies (support tariff), Cleveland was the most unpopular man in the country (more like a Republican), William Jennings Bryan’s Cross of Gold speech got him nominated for the Democrats, The platform demand inflation through unlimited coinage of silver, Democratic “Gold Bugs” unable to swallow Bryan bolted their party over the silver issue, With the ratio of 16 oz Ag to 1 oz Au, most Populists decided to vote for the Bryan, ​Class Conflict: Plowholders Versus Bondholders, William Jennings Bryan swept through 27 states and made nearly 600 speeches (even East), Free silver became almost as much a religious as a financial issue (silver cure people in debt), Bryan created panic among eastern conservatives with his threat of converting holdings lower, Hanna shook trusts and plutocrats and piled up enormous campaign money ($16 million), Fear was Hanna’s strongest ally, as it was Bryan’s worst enemy, McKinley triumphed decisively taking the populous East and the Presidency, The results demonstrated Bryan’s lack of appeal to unmortagaged farmer and eastern laborer, The outcome was a resounding victory for big business, the big cities, middle-class values, and financial conservatism—last effort to win White House with mostly agrarian votes, Future of presidential politics lay in the cities with their growing populations, The smashing Republican victory of 1896 heralded a Republican grip on the White House for sixteen consecutive years—long reign accompanied by diminishing voter participation, the weakening of party organizations, and fading away of issues like money and civil service reform, Concern for industrial regulation and the welfare of labor (political era—fourth party system), McKinley’s cautious, conservative nature caused him to shy away from banner of reform, The tariff issue forced itself to the fore—the Wilson-Gorman law did not raise enough revenue, Dingley Tariff Bill of 1897 proposed new higher rates and finally with additions was at 46.5%, Prosperity began to return with a rush in 1897; the Gold Standard Act of 1900 provided that the paper currency be redeemed freely in gold (over last-ditch silverite opposition), Discoveries of new gold deposits brought huge quantities of fold onto world markets, as did the perfection of the cheap cyanide process for extracting gold for low-grade ore, Moderate inflation took care of the currency needs. History. Mexican immigrants were common. Eva Dennis Chapter 17 1/25/2021 The West: Settlement of the Last Frontier: After Civil War, Americans settled in the West—Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, and Western Plateau, land between the Mississippi River and Pacific Coast were called the Great American Desert, not very supportive of farming or settlement, but bison and buffalo lived there. 1. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. New mining methods and the population boom in the wake of the California Gold Rush permanently altered the landscape of California. The wealth was real this time and the Comstock Lode became a bonanza, or a large deposit of precious ore. Save. 0. Miners were drawn to the West in 1859 because they found gold and silver in western Nevada. Copper, lead, tin, quartz, & zinc more profitable than gold or silver in the long term. Atlantic settlers referred to the Great Plains and the Pacific Coast as the “Great West.” A less-optimistic name for this region was the “Great American Desert,” so-named because of a lack of available water sources and soil that did not respond t… APUSH The West: Settlement of the Frontier DRAFT. But women also played a big role in boom-towns. 28 Mar. mussman_74692. By the 1880s the national conscience began to stir uneasily over the plight of … APUSH REVIEWED! APUSH SETTLING THE WEST: 1865-1890. Think about the information you just read about on the previous slide: 1. Individual placer miners took little skill or Yet there is growing evidence that suggests education The California Gold Rush (1848-1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was discovered by James Wilson Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. 1865-1896 American Pageant (Kennedy)Chapter 26 American History (Brinkley) Chapter 16 America’s History (Henretta) Chapter 16 CONQUERING THE WEST & THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION 1847: Mormons had traveled west seeking religious refuge in Utah 1848: CA Gold Rush brought thousands of settlers to Bay area 1830-40s settlers to fertile Homestead Act of 1862 the act that gave allowed for 160 acres of land to be sold to families to farm in the west This led to more families to settle out west and start farms. Flashcards and Answers - APUSH Chapter 16 questionBy the Mid 1840s, the American West answercontained few migrants from the US questionWhich of the … Mining was the first important magnet to attract people to the West. . Of the 300,000, approximately 150,000 arrived by sea while the remaining 150,000 arrived by land. 0 times. How did the mining towns help develop and establish the economy of California? Mining was the first important magnet to attract people to the West. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Prior to the Civil War, most English settlers and their descendents chose to live along the Atlantic Coast. Title: APUSH II: Unit 1 Chapter 18: Conquest and Survival of the West, 1860 - 1900 1 ... Mining Regions of the West Corporations had the expensive machinery (hydraulic mining techniques) to extract most of the gold in the West. 30: 2008967814: The largest single source of silver and gold deposits in the frontier of the West in 1860 - 1890 that brought wealth and statehood to Nevada Colorado experienced an enormous silver boom at Leadville in the 1870’s. "Chapter 26: The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1896" StudyNotes.org. Following prospectors and commercial miners, ranchers and farmers followed. Edit. 24:15. Mining Camps: A community that houses miners, usually created around a mine or a quarry for the extraction or smelting of ore.
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